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19:48 IELTS 2015-yilgi Kitobi pdf shaklida kochirib oling

WWW.NURMUHAMMAD.UCOZ.RU 72 ............................................................................................................................... ........ NUR MUHAMMAD MAMADALIYEV slumped – keskin tushib ketdi plummeted – juda keskin tushib ketdi dropped sharply, slightly – keskin, sezilmas darajada tushib ketdi fell rapidly, gradually – keskin, bosqichma b osqich tushib ketdi declined dramatically, slowly – misli ko‘rilmagan darajada, sekinlik bilan tushdi stabilised – barqarorlashdi levelled off – tekislandi remained constant – o‘zgarishsiz qoldi Kelajakda sodir bo‘lishi kutilayotgan ko‘rsatkichlardagi o‘zgarishlarni tasvirlash uchun esa quyidagi iboralar foydali bo‘lishi mumkin: ... is projected to rise sharply ...ning keskin o‘sishi kutilmoqda ... is forecast to drop slightly ...ning sezilmas darajada tushishi taxmin qilinmoqda ... is expected to fall dramatically ...ning keskin tushib ketishi kutilmoqda ... is predicted to decline sdeadily ...ning barqaror ravishda tushishi taxmin qilinmoqda Grafiklarni tasvirlashning namunaviy rejasi: 1. Kirish gaplari. 2. Grafikdagi ma’lumotlarga misollar. 3. Ko‘rsatkichlar chizig‘i harakati bo‘yicha sharhlar. 4. Keyingi misol. 5. Keltirilgan misolga shahrlar. 6. Yana bitta, navbatdagi misol. 7. Sharhlar. 8. Xulosa (xolosa fikrini bildirish majburiy emas, ammo yakun lovchi qandaydir gap yozilishi shart). WWW.NURMUHAMMAD.UCOZ.RU  73 ............................................................................................................................... ........ IELTS imtihoniga tayyorlanish Grafikni tasvirlashga misol 8 : Figure 1. Growth of the pupulation of the United States of America from 1790 to 1980, with an estimate of continued growth to 2050 (Based on figures from the US Bureau of the Census). Yuqoridagi grafikni to‘liq tasvirlash quyidagicha bo‘ladi: This graph shows the growth of the population of the United States from 1790 to 1980 and estimates growth to 2050. The horizontal axis represents years in fifty y ear intervals. The vertical axis represents the population in units of 100 million. The trend revealed by this graph is that the population of the United States began to increase dramatically around 1850 and continued to accelerate through 1980. If this trend holds, the population of the United States will double itself between 1980 and 2050. Chiziqli ko‘rsatkichga ega bo‘lgan grafiklarni tasvirlash Chiziqli ko‘rsatkichga ega bo‘lgan grafiklarni tasvirlashda muhim ko‘rsatkichlar va modellarga e’tibor qaratish kerak. Keyingi bosqichlarda ushbu yozma topshiriqlarni bajarish jarayonini ko‘rib o‘tamiz. 1 m ashq. Quyidagi savollarga javob bering va grafikda ifoda­ langan ma’lumotni tasvirlang. 8 Kayfetz, Janet L. and Strice, Randy L. Academically Speaking. WWW.NURMUHAMMAD.UCOZ.RU  74 ............................................................................................................................... ........ Nur Muhammad Mamadaliyev 1. 2 rasmda qanday bog‘liqliklar tasvirlangan? 2. Elektr energiyasiga bo‘lgan talabga bog‘liq ko‘rsatkichlar o‘zgarishini sharhlang. Yuqoridagi bo‘limda misol keltirilgan so‘zlardan foyda l aning hamda fikringizni asoslash uchun grafikda berilgan yil va o‘lchov birliklariga misollar keltiring. 3. Qazib olinadigan yonilg‘ilarning (fossil fuels) mavjudligini tasvirlang. Yuqorida misol keltirilgan iboralardan sharhla­ ringizda unumli foydalaning. 4. Keragidan ortiqcha energiyaning mavjudlik holatini tas virlang. Nega Freedoniada keragidan ortiqcha energiya manbalari bor, deb hisoblaysiz? Nega energiya ta’minoti sur’ati tushib ketganligini tu s huntiring. Bu muammoni hal qilish uchun qanday choralarni taklif etasiz? Figure 2. Energy demand and energy available in Freedonia. 2 r asmda Freedoniada 1985 2 005 yillar oralig‘idagi energiyaga bo‘lgan talab va qazib olish mumkin bo‘lgan yonilg‘i manbala­ rining mavjudlik holati tasvirlangan. WWW.NURMUHAMMAD.UCOZ.RU  75 ............................................................................................................................... ........ IELTS imtihoniga tayyorlanish Yuqoridagi chiziqli ko‘rsatkich asosida ifodalangan grafikning tasvirlanishiga misol: Figure 2 shows the relationship between demand for energy and the energy available from fossil fuels in Freedonia since 1985 and gives projections to the year 2005. The energy in the graph is measured in units each of which is equivalent to 100 billion megajoules. The demand for energy dropped steadily between 1985 and 1990 from 5 units of energy to approximately 2 units. From 1990, energy’ demand appeared to level off and remained constant at about 2 units of energy. From this time onwards, energy demand climbs dramatically from 2 units of energy in 1996 and is projected to reach 7 units in the year 2005. Furthermore, the forecast is for energy demand to continue to rise in the future. In contrast, the amount of energy available from fossil fuels increased quite rapidly from about 3.5 units in 1985 until it reached a peak of 6.5 in 1995. From this point onwards it is projected to decline dramatically until it remains constant at an availability level of around 2.5 units from the year 2000. The energy demand and energy available from fossil fuels resulted in an excess amount of energy available in the 1990s in Freedonia which, perhaps, was due to the availability of alternative sources of energy. On the other hand, an energy gap that continues to widen is forecast, beginning in the late 1990s. In the future, Freedonians will have to enforce energy saving measures or look towards the use of alternative sources of energy. (Approximately 220 words.) Ustunli grafiklarni tasvirlash Ustunli garfiklarni tasvirlashda ham, xuddi chiziqli grafiklarni tasvirlashda bo‘lgani kabi, ma’no anglatuvchi ko‘rsatkich nuqtalarini topish va bo‘limlarni o‘zaro solishtirish talab etiladi. 2 m ashq. Quyidagi savollarga javob berish orqali 3 r asmni tasvirlash muhokamasidagi ba’zi qismlar haqida bilib olishingiz mumkin. WWW.NURMUHAMMAD.UCOZ.RU  76 ............................................................................................................................... ........ NUR MUHAMMAD MAMADALIYEV 1. Kirish gaplar. Grafikda nima tasvirlangan? 2. Qaysi ishchi bo‘limida ko‘proq ayollar tasvirlangan? 3. Qaysi ishchi bo‘limida ko‘proq erkaklar tasvirlangan? 4. Qaysi ishchi bo‘limida ayollar va erkaklar o‘rtasidagi farq eng kichik miqdorni tashkil etadi? 5. Grafikda qanday umumiy holat tasvirlangan? 6. Yakunlovchi fikr. Grafikdagi bu o‘zgarishlar nimani an glatadi? Bu muammoning yechimi bormi? 3 r asmda ACME neft kompaniyasidagi xodimlar lavozimi grafigi tasvirlangan. Ustunli grafikda ifodalangan ma’lumotlarni tasvirlashga misol 9 : 3 m ashq. Misolda berilgan tasvirni o‘rganing va javobning tuzilishiga e’tibor bering. 9 Kayfetz, Janet L. and Strice, Randy L. Academically Speaking. WWW.NURMUHAMMAD.UCOZ.RU 77 ............................................................................................................................... ........ IELTS imtihoniga tayyorlanish Tasvir tuzilishi Grafik tasviriga misol Tasvir tuzilishi Misol The column in graph Figure 3 compares the proportion — position in the ACME of men and women in executive Oil Com - pany for twelve months to June 1994. Kirish gaplar Misol Misol Qarshi misol Qarshi misol Xulosa Approximately 72% of workers in the lowest executive position of Officer Grade are women. This is the highest percentage of women in any executive job category in the ACME Oil Company. In contrast, the lowest proportion of men is found in this category. As the executive position increases to a higher Officer Grade, the percentage of women decreases and the percentage of men increases. This trend continues throughout the graph. The least difference between the percentage of men and women found in a Job category of Of - ficer Grade C, which is middle executive position. Here women represent 45% and men represent 55% of workers in this cat - egory. In the highest executive position of Offi - cer Grade A, women represent only about 8% of workers. This stands in marked contrast to the 92% of men represented in this Job category. In conclusion, the men occupy a great - er percentage of high executive position in the ACME Oil Company. In fact, the higher the executive position, the higher the percentage of men represented in the category. In comparison, women’s repre - sentation is inversely proportional to the men’s so that the higher the executive job category, the lower the percentage of women to be found. Kirish gaplar Farqlar tasviri Farqlarning keyingi tasviri Asosiy mazmun tasviri Muhokamaning kuchayishi WWW.NURMUHAMMAD.UCOZ.RU 78 ............................................................................................................................... ........ NUR MUHAMMAD MAMADALIYEV Qara - ma-qarshi bog‘lanish The information given in the column graph does not give reasons for this trend, yet it would be interesting for the ACME Oil Company to examine why such a high percentage of their women employees oc - cupy the lower status position. (Approximately 230 words.) Yechimning taklif qilinishi Jadvalda ifodalangan mo‘lumotni tasvirlash Jadval – bu miqdoriy ma’lumot birliklarining ustunlar shaklida tartiblangan jamlanmasidir. Miqdorlar o‘sib boruvchi, yoki kamayib boruvchi tartibda beriladi. Jadvaldagi ma’lumotlarni qanday qilib «o‘qish» mumkin? Quyidagi savollarga javob berish jadvaldagi ma’lumotlarni tushunib olishga yordam beradi: • Jadvalning asosiy maqsadi nima? • Har bir ustunning sarlavhasida nima deyilgan? • Ma’lumotlar qanday tartibda berilgan (oshib boruvchi yoki kamayib boruvchi)? • Jadvalga qarab qanday xulosaga kelish mumkin? Jadval bilan ishlash bosqichlari: 1) ma’lumotlarni tasvirlashda ishlatiladigan maxsus ibora va so‘zlarni (sentence patterns) yaxshi bilish hamda tasvirlash tizimini puxta o‘zlashtirish; 2) topshiriq va jadvalda berilgan ma’lumotni analiz qila olish; 3) jadvalning asosiy mazmunini anglab yetish; 4) jadval ma’lumotlarini og‘zaki ifodalash; 5) jadvaldagi ma’lumotlarni vaqt va hajm cheklovi talablariga rioya qilgan holda tasvirlash; 6) xatolarni tekshirish va to‘g‘rilash; 7) sxemalarni tasvirlash. Yumaloq sxemalar (pie charts). Grafik va jadvallar bilan ishlashni boshlashdan avval ulardagi ma’lumotlarni talabalarning ona tilida muhokama qilish tavsiya etiladi. Chunki, imtihonga tayyorlanishni boshlagan talabalarning ko‘pchiligi bu turdagi amaliyotlarga birinchi marta duch kelayotgan bo‘lishlari mumkin. WWW.NURMUHAMMAD.UCOZ.RU 79 ............................................................................................................................... ........ IELTS imtihoniga tayyorlanish Ma’lumotlarni yozma tasvirlash 15 daqiqa vaqt olishi kerak va shuni unutmaslik lozimki, yozma ish quyidagi qismlarni o‘z ichiga olishi shart: • kirish gap; • kamida uchta abzatsdan iborat asosiy qism; • xulosa o‘rnidagi fikr. Kirish gap Talaba nimani tasvirlamoqchi bo‘layotganligini ifodalay olishi kerak. Masalan, kirish gap quyidagicha yozilishi mumkin: «Jadvalda Avstraliyaning har bir shtati uchun shtatlar o‘rtasida 1994 y ilning oxirigacha bo‘lgan 12 oyda kuzatilgan aholining ko‘chishi tasvirlangan». «Yumaloq diagrammada tabiiy gaz tarkibida uchrashi mumkin bo‘lgan turli aralashmalar foizlar hisobida tasvirlangan». «Grafikda Avstraliyada 1975 – 1995 y illar mobaynida kom­ pyuterlar sonining o‘sishi ko‘rsatilgan». Asosiy qism Ma’no anglatuvchi ko‘rsatkichlarni tasvirlash jarayonida berilgan ma’lumotlarga to‘g‘ridan t o‘g‘ri bog‘liq bo‘lgan misollar keltirilishi kerak. Agar talaba qandaydir jarayonni, yoki qaysidir tuzilma qanday ishlashini tasvirlayotgan bo‘lsa, ma’lumotlar qat’iy mantiqiy tarzda tartiblangan bo‘lishi shart. Bunday tasvirlashlarda ushbu qo‘llanmaning Ilova qismida berilgan bog‘lovchi so‘z va iboralar foydali bo‘lishi mumkin. Agar yozma ishning asosiy qismi bo‘limlarga ajratilgan holda yozilgan bo‘lsa, u yaxshi tartiblangan ko‘rinishga ega bo‘ladi. Bo‘limlarning kamida 3 ta bo‘lishi maqsadga muvofiqdir. Har bir bo‘limni maxsus bog‘lovchi so‘zlar bilan boshlagan ma’qul (First, Next, etc.; Ilovaga qarang). Talabaning sinchkovlik bilan fikrlashi, ma’lumotlarni taqqoslay olishi, o‘zgarishlar chizig‘i hamda raqamlardagi ma’noni tushunishi juda muhim ahamiyatga ega. Chunki imtihondagi ushbu turdagi topshiriqning asosiy maqsadi imtihon topshiruvchining mantiqiy fikrlashi, olingan ma’lumotni sinchkovlik bilan tahlil qilib chiqishi va xulosani xatosiz ingliz tilida ifodalay olishini sinovdan o‘tkazish hisoblanadi. WWW. NURMUHAMMA D.UCOZ.RU 80 ............................................................................................................................... ........ NUR MUHAMMAD MAMADALIYEV Xulosa o‘rnidagi fikr Yaxshi xulosa yuqorida yozilgan barcha fikrlarni o‘zida jamlay olgan fikr yoki qisqa sharh bo‘lishi mumkin. Barcha ma’lumotlarni yozib bo‘lganingizdan so‘ng yozma ishingizni tahrirlab chiqishingiz kerak bo‘ladi. Tahrirlash – bu yozuvdagi imloviy, tinish belgilarining ishlatilishidagi, grammatika, so‘z qo‘llanilishi va boshqa jihatlarda yo‘l qo‘yilgan xatolarni tuzatib chiqishdir. Tahrirlash 2 – 3 daqiqa vaqt oladi. Tahrirlash jarayonida barcha ko‘rsatmalarga amal qilingan­ ligiga, birinchi bosqichda aytib o‘tilgan barcha fikrlar hisobga olinganligiga, barcha fikrlar to‘liq yozilganligiga va hech narsa qolib ketmaganligiga alohida e’tibor berish kerak. Quyida jadval va uni tasvirlashga misol keltirilgan 10 . 1980 y ildagi qaydlarga ko‘ra AQShda yashayotgan, Osiyo va Tinch okeani orollaridan kelgan 3,7 million aholining etnik kelib chiqishi Xitoyliklar 812,178 Filippinliklar 781,894 Yaponlar 716,331 Hindlar 387,223 Koreyslar 357,393 Tinch okeani orollari aholisi 259,566 Vyetnamliklar 245,025 Laotinlar 47,683 Tailandliklar 45,279 Kambodjaliklar 16,044 Pokistonliklar 15,792 Indonezlar 9,618 Hmonglar 5,204 boshqalar 26,757 10 Kayfetz, Janet L. and Strice, Randy L. Academically Speaking. WWW.NURMUHAMMAD.UCOZ.RU  81 ............................................................................................................................... ........ IELTS imtihoniga tayyorlanish Sharh: Ushbu jadvalga 1980 y ildagi qayd etishdan keyin AQShga kirib kelgan jami 380 500 nafar kelib chiqishi Vyetnam, Laos va Kambodjadan bo‘lgan qochoqlar kiritilmagan. Jadvalni tasvirlashga misol This table shows the breakdown of Asians and Pacific Islanders in the United States in 1980. The data are presented in descending order, with the highest number listed at the top of the column and the lowest number listed last, at the bottom of the column. The left h and column indicates the ethnic background, and the right h and column indicates the number of people in each ethnic group. One conclusion that can be drawn from the table is that, although the 3.7 million Asians and Pacific Islanders living in the United States in 1980 represent over thirteen different ethnic groups, three groups (Chinese, Filipino, and Japanese) account for almost two t hirds of the total. Jadvaldagi ma’lumotlarni tasvirlashda ishlatilishi mumkin bo‘lgan foydali iboralar: The table shows... – Jadval shuni ko‘rsatadiki... The subject of the table is... – Jadvalning asosiy maqsadi shuki... The data are presented in ascending order, with the lowest number listed at the top of the column and the highest number listed last, at the bottom of the column. — Ma’lumotlar oshib borish tartibida ko‘rsatilgan, eng kichik qiymatli miqdor eng yuqorida yozilgan bo‘lsa, eng katta qiymatli miqdor eng quyida yozilgan. The data are presented in descending order, with the highest number listed at the top of the column and the lowest number listed last at the bottom of the column. — Ma’lumotlar kamayib borish tartibida ko‘rsatilgan, eng katta qiymatli miqdor eng yuqorida yozilgan bo‘lsa, eng kichik qiymatli miqdor eng quyida yozilgan. The left h and column indicates... – Chap tomon ustuni shuni ko‘rsatadiki... The right h and column indicates... – O‘ng tomon ustuni shuni ko‘rsatadiki... The column on the left represents... – Chap tomondagi ustun shuni ko‘rsatadiki... The column on the right represents... – O‘ng tomondagi ustun shuni ko‘rsatadiki...

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